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主目录 各章目录 附：介词练习 附：限定词练习 1. 名词 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：
1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： two Marys
the Henrys monkey---monkeys
holiday---holidays 2） 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。 3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs /
handkerchieves。 1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是
-men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the
Bowmans。 2） 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar,
two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说
a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the
English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The
Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting
story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜） trousers, clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词
pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 1）物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数） These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数） b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如： This factory produces steel. （不可数） We need various steels. （可数） c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如： Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如： four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of
water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1)
用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the
foreign languages department 外语系 2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车） arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes
brush 衣刷 4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a
teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下： 1） 单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the
boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。 2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers'
struggle 工人的斗争。 3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the
title of the song 歌的名字。 4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's
理发店。 5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如： John's and Mary's rooms（两间） John and Mary's room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or two's absence 1.He was eager to make some extra
money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_______. a．
little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages 2.Most of the houses in the village
were burnt to ______ during the war. a. an
ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes 3.The students at colleges or
universities are making ______ for the coming New Year. a. many
preparations b. much
preparation c.
preparations d.
preparation 4.Painting in _____ is one of their
spare-time activities. a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil 5.In the view of the foreign experts,
there wasn’t ____ oil here. a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many 6.The large houses are being painted,
but ______. a. of great
expense b.
at a great expense c. in a lot of
expenses d. by high expense 7.The room was small and contained far
too ______. a.much new furniture c. much new furnitures b.many new furniture d. many new furnitures 8.Jim was late for two classes this
morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______. a. rooms number b. room number c. room’s numbers d. room numbers 9.Computers can do ______ work in a short time, but a
man can not do ______ by himself. a great
many…many
c. much…a great deal b. a great
deal of…much d. many…a
great many 10.She didn’t know _____ he had been
given. a. how
many information
c. how many informations b. the
number of information d. how much
information 11.He invited all of his ______ to join
his wedding party. a. comrade-in-arms
c. comrades-in-arm b. comrades-in-arms
d. comrade-in-arm 12.All the ______ in the hospital got a
rise last month. a. women
doctors
c. woman doctors b. women
doctor
d. woman doctor 13.After ten years, all these youngsters
became_____. a. growns-ups
c. growns-up b. grown-up
d. grown-ups 14.The police investigated those _____
about the accident. a.
stander-by
c. standers-by b.
stander-bys
d. standers-bys 15.The Nazi kept those ______ in their
concentration camp. a.prisoner-of-wars
c. prisoners-of-war b.prisoners-of-wars d.
prisoner-of-war 16.The manager was greatly appreciate
that _____ made by Linda lately. a. new
reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels 17.Mary’s dress is similar in appearance
to her ______. a. elder sister b. elder sister’s c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress 18.All the people at the conference are
______. a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacher b.mathematics teachers d. mathematic’s teachers 19.Professor
Mackay told us that ______ of lead are its softness and its resistance. a.
some property c. properties b.
some properties d. property 20.Physics _____ with matter and motion. a.
deal
b. deals c.
dealing d. are 21.He has written several books, but his
last works _____ well known among his friends. a.
have
b. have been c.
is d. are 22.After he checked up my ______ heart,
the doctor advised him to rest for a few days. a.
father-in-law’s c. father’s-in-law b.
father-in-law d. father’s-in-law’s 23.He told me _____ would come to his
birthday party. a.
many Jack friends c. many Jack’s friend b.
Jack’s many friends d. many friends of Jack’s 24.I had my hair cut at the _____ around
the corner. a.barber b. barbers c. barber’s d. barbers’ 25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely
evening at ______. a.
Peter and Helen’s c. Peter and Helen b.
Peter and Helens d. Peter’s and
Helen’s 26.______ receives only a small portion
of the total amount of the sun’s energy. a.
The earth’s surface c. The surface of
earth b.
The surface earth d. The
earth surface 27.Numerous materials are available to
______. a.
today of designers
c. today’s of designers b.
today’s designers
d. today designers 28.Why did you speak to Peter that way?
Don’t you know he is an old friend of ______? a.
my brother b. my brothers c. my brother’s d. my brother’s friend 29.______ is a well-informed man. He can
tell you anything you want to know. a.
This John’s old friend c. That’s
Jahn’s old friend b.
This old friend of John d. This old
friend of John’s 30.______ is too much for a little boy
to carry. a.A bike’s weight
c. The weight of a bike b.The weights of a bike d. Bile’s weight 31.Generally there are ______ television
programs for children on Saturday. a.
little
b. much c. a
large number of d. a
large amount of 32.When they got to the lecture-room,
there were ______ left. a.
only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats 33.______ travels faster when the zip
code is indicated on the envelope. a.
A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail 34.The Department purchased ______ to
improve the working conditions there. a.
a new equipment c. new equipments b.
a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments 35.The boy tried hard but there has been
______ in his work. a.
little improvement c. many improvements b.
a little improvement d. few improvements 36.Today’s modern TV cameras require
______ light as compared with the earlier models. a.
only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little 37.No country can afford to neglect
______. a.
an education b. educations c. education d. the education 38.Please write the answers to the
questions at the end of ______. a.
eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight 39.______ is only surpassed by that of
monkeys’ and apes’. a.
The intelligent dog c. The
intelligence of dogs b.
The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent 40.All ______ must take the graduate
Management Admission Test. a.
business student b. business’s students c. business students d. business’s student 41.______ anywhere in the United States
costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself. a.
Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b.
Three-minute call d. A three-minute call 42.The ______ about nuclear energy
revolves around the waste problem. a.
public’s chief concern c. chief public concern b.
public chief concern d. chief concern of public’s 43.______ the first and largest ethnic
group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad. a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were 44.______ can get a better view of the
game than the participants. a.
Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons 45.A group of spectators was dispersed
by the police who ______ at the scene of the accidents within minutes. a.
were
b. have been c.
was d. has been 46.Our livestock ______ not as numerous
as they used to be. a.
is
b. are c.
be d. been 47.One of the most surprising things is
that ______ may come from petroleum. a.
much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrow’s
food b.
much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrow’s food 48.Scott is an orphan but he received
______. a.
very good education
c. a very good education b.
very good educations
d. many good educations 49.After several day’s hardworking, we
have made ______ on the design. a.
much improvement
c. many improvement b.
several improvements
d. some improvement 50.The boy was very happy that his
mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday. a.
shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoes’s shop d. shoe’s 51.Eggs, though nourishing, have ______
of fat content. a.
large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount 52.He has done some ______ on that
subject from various angles over the past ten years. a.
research b. a research c. researches d. the researches 53.Recently, he has lost all his ______. a.
wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at
card b.
wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards 54.The country’s wealth comes chiefly
from its many ______. a.
herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles 55.In Britain the ______ are all painted
red. a.
letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letters’s box 56.Ten years had passed. I found she had
______. a.
a little white hair c. a few white
hair b.
some white hair d. much
white hair 57.All his ______ far from satisfaction a.
conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be 58.Although the town had been attacked
by the storm several times, ______ was done. a.
a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage 59.He was ______ what to do. a.
at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wit’s end d. at his wits’s end 60.Would you like to have a cup of tea
and ______ with me? a
two toasts b. two
pieces of toast c. two piece
of toasts d. tow
pieces of toasts 61.Accurate ______ covering the fact are
not obtainable. a.
datum
b. datums c.
data d. datas 62.On Monday morning some teachers
exchanged a few ______. a.
how-are-yous
c. how-are-you’s b.
of how-are-you’s d. of
how are you 63.Albert said he met the girl ______ a.
at his uncle’s Smith room c. at his uncle Smith’s room b.
at Smith’s his uncle’s room d. at the room of his uncle’s Smith’s 64.It is four months since I last saw
Keats ______. a.
at Mrt Smith’s ,the book seller c. at my aunt’s,
a book seller b.
at my aunt’s, Mrs Palmer’s d. at Mrs Palmer’s,
the book seller’s 65.This room is ______. a.
the editor’s-in-chief’s office c. the
editor-in-chief’s office b.
the editor-in-chief office
d. the editor’s-in-chief office 66.My old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works
at ______. a.
a teacher college c. a teacher’s
college b.
a teachers’s college d. a college of a
teacher’s 67.The policemen put the criminal
______. a.
in a iron b. into a iron c. in irons d. into a pair of iron 68.Our teacher gave me ______. a.
an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice 69.My mother cut the cloth with ______
scissors. a.
a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of 70.My house is
within ______ from the railway station. a. a stone’s throw b. a throw of a stone c. stone’s throw d. the stone’s throw 1. She
is such an irritating woman, I don’t know how you can ______ her. a. put up b. stand up to c. stand with d. put up with 2. To
get my traveler’s check I had to ______ a special check to the bank for the
total amount. a. make
for b. make out c. make off d. make up 3. Little
boys are easily ______. a. taken
in b. taken away c. taken out d. taken over 4. The
company is going to hand ______ the free samples tomorrow. a. up b. out c. on d. down 5. It
was purely ______ chance that the mistake was discovered. a. in b. for c. by d. from 6. The
magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help
him with the performance. a. by
accident b. on occasion c. on average d. at random 7. I
left for the office earlier than usual this morning ______ traffic jam. a. in case
of b. in line
with c. for the sake
of d. at the risk of 8. Some
areas, _______ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated. a. but
for b. in spite
of c. due to d. with regard to 9. Visitors
are asked to comply ______ the regulations. a. at b. in c. with d. on 10. He
______ so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently. a. put on b. took on c. brought on d. turned on 11. In
order to save time, I ______ my shopping to once a week. a. cut
off b. cut out c. cut up d. cut down 12. The
idea has ______ that science cannot be wrong. a. piled
up b. picked up c. grown up d. put up 13. he
did everything he could to prevent if from ______ into fighting. a. breaking
off b. breaking
up c. breaking
out d. breaking of 14. The
construction of the new building will cost ______ 1,000,000 dollars, and it’s
not easy to get so much money. a. at
last b. at most c. at least d. at large 15. The
thief ran away as fast as he could ______ the policeman. a. in
sight b. within the
sight of c. within
sight d. at the sight
of 16. For
too long, European can makers have fought to ______ old ways and old privileges. a. hang on
to b. have access
to c. refer to d. see to 17. Whoever
______ a full night’s sleep will be more than rewarded in heightened
productivity, creativity and focus. a. invests
at b. invests
in c. invests by d. invests with 18. Prior
______ his departure, he wrote a letter to his mother. a. of b. from c. to d. in 19. The
company is very famous ______ the high quality of its products. a. in b. for c. by d. with 20. Once
he was given a chance to improve his position in the firm, he seized it ______
both hands and is now on his way to the top. a. on b. at c. in d. with 21. These
misfortunes almost deprived him ______ his future career. a. with b. of c. from d. beyond 22. I
don’t ______ the expense; I want the party to be a real success. a. care
for b. care about c. be in care of d. take care of 23. We
must get the roof mended before the wet weather sets ______. a. about b. on c. up d. in 24. The
car pulled ______ beside me and the driver asked me to way to the Great Wall. a. down b. off c. up d. out 25. After
the war, many warships were laid ______ as they were not needed any longer. a. up b. aside c. down d. over 26. When
the rebellion died ______ things quickly returned to normal. a. out b. away c. down d. through 27. I’ll
pick you ______ at your college gate and take you straight to the station. a. on b. off c. out d. up 28. Will
you please see ______ our luggage when I am away? a. to b. in c. with d. for 29. ______
they reached the small village before dusk. a. Towards the
end b. By the end c. In the end d. At the end 30. Mary
has left the book on the table ______ purpose so that you can read it. a. with b. on c. in d. out of 31. That
noise is getting louder because the engineers are ______ the engine to see if
the plane is ready to fly. a. doing
with b. running
up c. turning in d. trying for 32. The
government is looking ______ new methods of raising money without increasing
taxes. a. down
on b. upon c. out for d. around 33. Man
is superior to the animals ______ he sues language to convey his thoughts. a. and
that b. in that c. so that d. in order that 34. Not
long ago, a person who I know every well was ______ an accident. a. related
to b. included in c. involved in d. subject to 35. I
______ to him for the error. a.
excused b.
pardoned c.
forgave d. apologized 36. Though
we have no interests ______ common, we are good friends. a. on b. in c. for d. at 37. The
purse has returned to the original owner ______. a. in a long
time b. in a long
run c. in no
time d. at no time 38. We
can’t hope to catch up with that car ______ us. a. in advance
of b. in the front
of c. at the frontier
of d. ahead of 39. Some
animals will modify their behavior to ______ their environment. a. adapt
to b. adopt to c. suit to d. conform to 40. Don't
______ going abroad this summer, we may not have enough money. a. count
on b. come on c. attend upon d. frown upon 41. Don’t
suspect your daughter ______ dishonesty. a. of b. for c. with d. to 42. At
the head of the valley we turned right and ______ the summit. a. set up b. took up c. made for d. went for 43. Her
type of women can ______ life much more easily. a. cope
with b. take advantage
of c. take care
of d. look after 44. The
manager accused one of the hotel servants ______ stealing the money. a. for b. with c. of d. about 45. It
is difficult to _____ the implication between the lines. a. get to b. get into c. get over d. get at 46. While
living there, she ______ the local accent. a. picked
on b. picked at c. picked up d. picked out 47. We
adopted the new method _____ raising our efficiency. a. in the
event of b. on account
of c. with a view
of d. with regard to 48. ______
the light of what you have told me, I will say that it is he who came here
yesterday. a. By b. In c. Of d. Under 49. They
will place China in the front ranks of countries of the world ______ the output
of major industrial products. a. in support
of b. in connection
with c. in terms
of d. by means of 50. When
they had finished playing, the children were made to ______ all the toys they
had taken out. a. put
off b. put away c. put up d. put out 51. He
failed to supply the facts relevant ______ the case in question. a. for b. with c. of d. to 52. In
Britain, and on the Continent too, the Japanese are viewed _______ a threat to
domestic industries. a. like b. as c. with d. for 53. When
Jack was eighteen he ______ going around with a strange set of people and
staying out very late. a. took
up b. took for c. took to d. took on 54. While
in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ______ the nurse Florence
Nightingale. a. in line
with b. in favor
of c. in place d. in honor of 55. A
poor man has to ______ many thing which a rich man regards as almost
necessaries in life. a. go
through b. go
without c. go
over d. go about 56. Digital
computers are practical ______ their high speed of operation. a. instead
of b. because of c. regardless of d. in spite of 57. _____
the many hours of study that he devoted to the subject, he still found the
subject matter difficult. a. After b. Due to c. Despite d. As for 58. The
early part of the concert ______ comparatively satisfactorily. a. went
after b. went
down c. went off d. went up 59. Mary
is _______ her face ready for the party. a. clearing
up b. holding up c. keeping up d. making up 60. _______
a prolonged spell of fine weather, they were able to complete the film within
the month. a. As to b. Thanks to c. In relation to d. With respect to 61. One
day people will be able to go to the moon _____ holiday. a. on b. during c. for d. in 62. How
did it come _____ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework? a. about b. after c. with d. to 63. Whatever
the rule is, you may be sure he will keep _____ it. a. on b. in c. off d. to 64. In
one firm alone over three hundred people were laid _____ during the last month. a. in b. out c. on d. off 65. The
safety of shops ______ sea depends much on the warnings given by lighthouses. a. in b. across c. on d. at 66. The
mass of an object is multiplied by the speed of light squared, _____ other
words , the speed of light is multiplied by itself. a. by b. for c. in d. with 67. The
new system encourages companies to compete with each other ______ equal terms. a. on b. in c. with d. for 68. You
should stick _____ the point in debate. a. to b. at c. in d. for 69. Tom
has been sad recently, for his plan to go to college _____ at the last moment. a. fell
out b. fell
behind c. fell in d. fell through 70. David
likes country life and has decided to ______ farming. a. go in
for b. go into c. go through d. go after 71. The
police haven’t caught the murder alive yet, but they are convinced that the
really important facts of the case will soon ________ . a. come into
force b. come into
contact c. come into
light d. come down to earth 72. The
teacher expects us to do all the exercises, to study the spelling list and to
get our paper ______ time. a. in b. on c. at d. by 73. Having
been told bad weather was on the way, the climbers decided to ______ their
attempt on Mount Tai until the following week. a. give
up b. deny to c. put off d. refuse to 74. Bill
did not hear the telephone because he was completely ______ his reading. a. absorbed
for b. absorbed
by c. absorbed on d. absorbed in 75. Unwanted
tickets can be given ______ at the theatre office window up to half an hour
before the performance. a. in b. out c. off d. over 76. Science
was ______ regarded as a part of philosophy. a. at
time b. at all time c. at a time d. at one time 77. The
newly designed machines are high ______ quality. a. on b. in c. for d. with 78. Some
quite artistic, yet inexpensive fabrics are now being _____ from British mills. a. turned
over b. turned
out c. turned up d. turned off 79. The
mother scolded the boy ______ not cleaning up his room. a. to b. with c. at d. for 80. ______
my car is being made ready for a long journey. a. In the
moment b. For the
moment c. At the
moment d. By the
moment 81. I’m
bad ______ remembering faces. a. at b. in c. with d. on 82. Oil
drilling in that area has now stopped because the company has ______ money. a. come out
of b. come off c. run out of d. run down 83. The
doctor was always ______ the poor and the sick, often giving them free medical
services. a. reminded
of b. absorbed in c. tended by d. concerned about 84. The
company will send a representative to ______ their business in that region. a. attend
to b. attempt at c. associate with d. approve of 85. Milk
is ______ memories of home and mother so people away from home drink more milk. a. bound
to b. kept to c. referred to d. tied to 86. Despite
the traffic lights ahead, the car continued ______ full speed. a. with b. in on d. at 87. Something
strange seems to be _____ me since I have been taking this drug. a. running
into b. coming
across c. happening
to d. falling on 88. The
shopkeeper was ______ inside his own shop, and all the day’s money was stolen. a. held
over b. held up c. held out d. held off 89. Earth-like
planets are extremely common in the Universe, ______ the latest computer
simulation of the formation of the Solar System. a. according
to b. in addition
to c. in regard
to d. thanks to 90. In
Brazil, spending on science and technology ______ just 0.6 percent of gross
national product. a. makes
for b. makes up
for c. accounts for d. stands for 91. ______,
wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society. a. For
short b. In
short c. Of short d. On short 92. A
man who could ______ such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage
and moral strength. a. bear
upon b. insist on c. stand up to d. persist in 93. Is
his action consistent ______ his principles? a. with b. in c. of d. by 94. He
is by far the best player ______ the team. a. for b. on c. in d. to 95. A
foreign firm has bought more than half of the shares in his company and ______.
a. got over
it b. overtaken
it c. taken it
over d. overcome
it 96. After
a heated bargaining they agreed ______ the price for the car. a. to b. with c. on d. in 97. _______
all the difficulties and discomforts, they went on working at the design. a. Because
of b. In proportion
with c. As a result
of d. In spite of 98. all
questions left ______ by history must be settled one by one. a. alone b. off c. out d. over 99. It
is just three o’clock p.m. The plane just _____ five minutes ago. a. took
off b. took up c. took out d. took in 100. The
government warned the people living in the forest to be ______ fire. a. with regard
to b. on guard c. on guard against d. in regard to 101. During
sleep blood pressure is normally ______ its lowest. a. in b. for c. at d. by 102. The
parents and the children will have to leave the country ______ good. a. with c. over c. on d. for 103. Neither
their parents nor their friends have approved ______ their marriage yet. a. for b. of c. to d. with 104. Classroom
testing, if well done, most certainly ______ a stimulus to study and real
learning. a. acts
for b. acts on c. acts as d. acts to 105. In
the experiment we kept a watchful eye ______ the developments and recorded
every detail. a. in b. at c. for d. on 106. The French pianist who had been praised very highly
______ to be a great disappointment. a. turned
up b. turned in c. turned out d. turned down 107. In the
advanced course students must take performance tests ______ monthly intervals. a. in b. over c. at d. between 108. We regret to
inform you that the materials you ordered are ______. a. out of
work b. out of
reach c. out of
practice d. out of
stock 109. In the United
States professors have many other duties ______ teaching, such as
administrative or research work. a.
besides b. except c. but d. with 110. he attempted
______ to set up a company of his own. a. with
vain b. on vain c. in vain d. of vain 111. On hearing the
news that her father died, she ______ tears. a. burst
out b. burst in c. burst into d. burst forth 112. She was
annoyed at his comment, thinking that he visitor _____ her. a. looked
down b. looked highly of c. looked low at d. looked down upon 113. ______
comparison to my boyhood, my undergraduate years in Oklahoma were paradise. a. In b. With c. By d. For 114. The United
States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any
______ its own. a. on b. for c. of d. to 115. The accounts
have always been handled ______ the banks policies. a. in
accordance with c. in
connection with c. in
contrast with d. in line with 116. His inability
to learn foreign languages was an obstacle ______ his career. a. of b. to c. for d. as 117. The purpose of
the official inquiry is to ______ the true facts leading to the loss of the
ship at sea. a. come
at b. come for c. come into d. come over 118. Business
picked up in the stores during December, but ______ again after Christmas. a. dropped
off b. dropped
out c. dropped
over d. dropped on 119. Many words
associated with life in the West are Spanish ______ origin. a. on b. in c. at d. from 120. The custom of visiting
friends, relatives and neighbors on New Year’s Day is one the Old World
traditions that has ______ a new form in the United States. a. taken
up b. taken on c. taken over d. taken off 121. Some workers
fear the loss of social identity that can ______ not having a job. a.
result in b. result from c. bring up d. bring on 122. Most of the leading food shops have promised
to ______ prices until after the new year. a. keep
off b. keep down c. keep out d. keep back 123. ______ classical
music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is a spontaneous and free
form. a. In
comparison with b. In
connection with c. In
contrast to d. In
regard to 124. Alice ______ when a crowd from a train rushed
through the gate. a. looked
after b. looked
in c. looked over d. looked up 125. The news of
important events is broadcast often _______ over television. a. on the
average b. on the
contrary c. on the
spot d. on the whole 2. 冠词和数词 冠词本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。 不定冠词a （an）与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。 1） 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。例如： A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。 2） 代表一类人或物。例如：
A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。
Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。 3） 组成词组或成语，如a little / a few / a lot /
a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a
minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a
try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。 定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但意义较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1）特指双方都明白的人或物。例如： Take the medicine. 把药吃了。 2）上文提到过的人或事。例如： He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3）指世上独一物二的事物，如the sun， the sky， the moon， the
earth等。 4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如the dollar 美元; the
fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面。例如： Where do you live? I live on the second
floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking
for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：
They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师）
They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师） 7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如： She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。 8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如：
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国 9）用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如： She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。 10） 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：
the Greens 格林一家人 （或格林夫妇） 11） 用在惯用语中。例如： in the day, in the morning （afternoon，evening）, the
day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky （water，field，country） in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle （of）, in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 1） 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary。 2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词。例如： They are teachers. 他们是教师。 3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如： Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。例如： Man cannot live without water. 离开水人就无法生存。 5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如：
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。例如：
The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词，如have breakfast，play
chess。 8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。例如： I can't write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。 9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，如by bus，by
train。 10）有些个体名词不用冠词，如school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court
等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如： go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 （并不是去看病，而是有其他目的） 11）不用冠词的序数词；
a. 序数词前有物主代词时。
b. 序数词作副词。例如：He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。
c. 在固定词组中，如at（the）first, first of all, from first to last等。 1） 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同的人或物。例如： He raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2） 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一人或一物。例如： He raises a
black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。 1） 不定冠词位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意： a. 位于such，what，many，half等形容词之后。例如： I have never seen such an animal. 我从来没见过这样的动物。 Many a man is fit for the job. 许多人适合这岗位。 b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however,
enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever
spent. 我从未这么高兴过。 So short a time 如此短的时间 Too long a distance 距离太远了 c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite
前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可，如：rather a cold day/a rather cold day。 d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后。例如： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the
sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 2） 定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。例如：
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。 表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 一、基数词 1）基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five。 2）基数词一般是单数形式，但遇下列情况，常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用，如scores of
people 指许多人； b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里。例如： They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到了。 c. 表示"几十岁"。 d. 表示"年代"，用 in +the +数词复数。 e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如Three fives is（are）fifteen。 二、序数词 序数词的缩写形式如first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st等。 三、 数词的用法 1）倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as。例如 I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size （amount，length…）
of…。例如： The earth is 49 times the size of the
moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…。例如：
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍。例如： The production of grain has been increased
by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 2）分数表示法的构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数。例如：
1/3 one-third；
3/37 three and
three-sevenths. 1.When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have
______ bed. a.
the breakfast in b. the breakfast in the c. breakfast in d. breakfast in the 2.He has promised to give up ______
hundreds of times. a.
a tobacco b. tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos 3.______ usually go to church every
Sunday. a.
The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns d. The Browns 4.The train is running fifty miles
______. a.
an hour b. one hour c. the hour d. a hour 5.He can play almost every kind of
music instrument but he is good ______. a.
at the flute b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute 6.The investigators found that more
should be done for ______ in India. a.
those poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor 7.You look in high spirit. You must
have ______ during your holiday. a.
wonderful time b. a
wonderful time c. the wonderful
time d. some wonderful time 8.The city assigned a policeman to the
school crossing because ______ traffic there was so heavy. a.
a b. an c. the d. one 9.A new teacher was sent to the village
in place of ______ one who had retired. a.
a b. the c. an d. its 10.Virtue and vice are before you;______
leads you to happiness,______ to misery. a.
the former…latter b. a former…a latter c.
the former…the latter d. former…latter 11.The children in the kinder-garden
soon took ______ to their teachers. a.
quite fancy
b. a quite fancy
c. quite a fancy
d. the quite fancy 12.______ tend to bemoan the lack of
character in the young generation. a.
The old b. Old c. Elderly d. Older 13.A man suffering from a chock should
be given ______. a.
hot sweet tea b. a hot sweet tea c. the hot sweet tea d. one hot sweet tea 14.He answered my questions with ______
not to be expected of an ordinary schoolboy. a.
his accuracy
b. a accuracy
c. the accuracy
d. an accuracy 15.If you go by train you can have quite
______ comfortable journey. a.
the
b. one c. a d. that 16.We’re going to ______ with ______
today, aren’t we? a.
the tea…the Smiths b. tea…those Smiths c. a tea…a Smith d. tea…the Smiths 17.I want an assistant with ______
knowledge of French and ______ experience of office routine. a.
the…the b. a…the c. a…an
d. the…an 18.Ann’s habit of riding a motorcycle up
and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and ______ they
took her to the court. a.
in the end b. at the end c. in an end d. in end 19.It is reported that today ______
president will have lunch with ______ President Omon. a.
the…the b. a…a c. the…/ d. /…/ 20.Tianan Men Square and ______ Great
Wall are tow of the places everyone should see in ______ People’s Republic of
China. a.
the…the
b. /…/ c. the…/ d. /…the 21.It has long been known that there is
an electric field ______. a.
inside the earth b. inside earth c. inside an earth d. on earth 22.______ much harder work, the
volunteers were able to place the raging forest fire______. a.
By the means of…under the control b. By means of…under control c.By means of…under a control d. By a
means of…under control 23.No sooner had the man departed than
the tree began dropping coffee beans ______. a.
by the thousand b. by a thousand c. by thousands d. by thousand 24.He expressed ______ of their having
ever been married. a.
the doubt b. a doubt c. doubt d. an doubt 25.He saw through the little boy’s
tricks ______. a.
at glance
b. at the glance
c. at some glance d.
at a glance 26.Their victory is ______,for they’ve
lost too many men. a.
out of question b. out of the question c. out question d. of question 27.Many a girl wants to become ______. a.
some secretary b. a secretary c. secretary d. secretaries 28.He grabbed me ______ and pulled me
onto the bus. a.
a arm
b. an arm c. the
arm d. by the arm 29.I’ll come in ______ minute; in fact I’ll
come ______ moment I’m through. a./…the b. a…the c. the…a d. /…/ 30.This is one of ______ interesting
books on your subject. a.
the most
b. the most of the
c. most d. most of
the 31.He enjoys life ______ the “Queen Anne”. a.
on a board
b . on board c. in
the board d. board 32.He lost his fob and ______ his wife
left him. a.
on that top
b. on top of that c.
on a top of that d. on the
top 33.Most of the representatives think
that ______ the meeting was very successful. a.
on whole of
b. on a whole c. on
the whole d. on the whole
that 34.Under no circumstances will there be
wage control while I am ______ of the government. a.
the head b. a head
c. head d. that head 35.Like his sister, David needed ______
from some generous person in order to get home. a.
a ride
b. some ride c.
ride d. the ride 36.The brain’s left hemisphere controls
logic and language, while ______controls intuitive talents and musical ability. a.
the right b. a right c. that right d. right one 37.______ is setting up a research team
to see how children react to video games. a.
The Japan’s Health Ministry b. Japan’s health Ministry b.
A Japan’s health Ministry d. Japan health Ministry 38.Unlike Americans, who seem to prefer
coffee,______ a great deal of tea. a.
English drink b. The English drink c. English man drink d. the English drinks 39.Hundreds of people are ______ now, so
there are about 50 people trying for the same position. a.out of the work b. out work c. out of work d. out of a work 40.His mother taught ______ ,but his
father was only a blue-collar worker. a.
piano
b. an piano c. the
piano d. a piano 41.Contrary to what I had expected, he
lost for ______. a.
second time b. a second time c. second times d. the second time 42.Fashions change and people change
too, but the old feeling remains ______. a.
the same
b. same c. that
same d. as same 43.We are going to dine tomorrow with
______ to celebrate Christmas Day. a.
the Cunning
b. Cunnings c. The
Cunnings d. Cunning’s 44.This is ______ which is collected
before the first rain in Spring. a.
one tea b. a tea c. the tea d. that tea 45.______ is known by its note,______ is
known by his talk. a.
A bird/a man b. One bird/one man c. The bird/the man d. Bird/man 46.Never travel with ______ who leaves
you in case of danger. a.
the friend b. that friend c. a friend d. friend 47.Do you think it possible for the
North Pole to have ______ a few thousand years from now? a.
Shanghai
b. a Shanghai
c. the Shanghai
d. one Shanghai 48.I don’t think ______ is a better car
than our makes. a.
a Ford
b. Ford’s c.
the Ford d. Ford 49.I didn’t know why he looked angry
when I patted him ______. a.
on the head b. on head c. on a head d. on his head 50.he never fails to give you ______
when you are in trouble. a.
his helping hands b. the helping hand c. helping hands d. a helping hand 51.The historical events of that period
are arranged ______. a.
in alphabetical order b. in an alphabetical order b.
in the alphabetical orders d. in a alphabetical orders 52.The like to take a vacation ______. a.
one time the year b. one time in a year c. once a year d. once in a year 53.“What is Todger?” “He is ______.” a.
a poet and novelist b. a poet and a novelist b.
poet and novelist d. the poet and novelist 54.“How did
you pay the workers?” “As a rule, they are paid ______.” a.
by an your b. by the hour c. by a hour d. by hours 55.The DMZ extends about two hundred
kilometers ______. a.
from east to west
b. from the east to west
c.
from the east to the west d. from eastern to western 56.What ______ are you planning to buy? a.
make of car b. make of the car c. make of a car d. make of cars 57.______,you can’t fool her. a.
The child though Rowena is b. Though child Rowena is b.
As child Rowena is
d. Child as Rowena is 58.What’s ______ is to get information
about the situation first. a.
the wisest b. a wisest c. the wiser d. wisest 59.The differences between ______ are
gradually being eliminated. a.
the town and the country b. town and country b.
a town and a country d. a town
and the country 60.Scientists hope to send an expedition
to Mars during ______. a.
the 1990s b. the
1990 c. 1990s d. 1990’s 1.______ martyrs have heroically laid
down their lives for the people. a. Thousand upon thousand
of b. Thousand
and thousands of c. Thousands upon thousands
of d. Thousand and thousand
of 2.They received ______ of letters about
their TV programs. a. dozen b. dozen and dozen c score d. dozens 3.Who is that man,______ in the front
row? a. one b. the one c. first d. the first 4.We have produced ______ this year as
we did in 1993. a. as much cotton twice b. as twice
much cotton c. much as twice cotton d. twice as
much cotton 5.The earth is about ______ as the
moon. a. as fifty time big b. fifty times as big c. as big fifty time d. fifty as times big 6.The population of many Alaskan cities
has ______ in the past three years. a. more than doubled b. more doubled than
c. much than doubled d.
much doubled than 7.The moon is about _____ in diameter
as diameter as the earth. a. one-three as large b. one three as large c. one-third as large d. one third as large 8.Five hundred yuan a month _____
enough to live on. a. is b. are
c. is being d. has
been 9.______ of the buildings were ruined. a. Three fourth b. Three four c. Three-fourths d. Three-four 10.Consult _____ for questions about
earthquakes. a. the six index b. index six c. sixth index d. index numbering six 11.She went to the countryside ______. a. in
the morning at nine/on June first,1968 b. on June first,1968/in the morning at nine b. at
nine in the morning/on June first,1968 d. on June first,1968/at nine in the morning 12.Three-fourths of the surface of the
earth ______ covered with water. a. are b. is c. were
d. be 13.This month the production of
stainless steel in our steelworks has increased ______ 2,000 tons. a. with b. in c. on
d. by 14.With the miniaturization of the
structural components the weight of these electric devices has decreased
________ 30 percent. a. as b. with c. in
d. by 15.The Olympic Games are held ______. a. every
four years b. every four year c. every fourth years d. every four-years 16.As he is not in good health, he goes
to his factory only ______ just to learn something about the progress of
experiment. a. once
a week b. one week c. one time a week d. one a week 17.Three students ______ in this
university come from the South. a. of ten b. out of in ten c. out of ten d. in tens 18.Strings of the same thickness made of
nylon are ______. a. five
times stronger than those b. five time stronger than those b. five
times strong than those d. five times stronger
as those 19.the wheels of the old wagon are nearly ______ those
of a modern car. a. twice
the size of b. twice size
of c. twice sizes of d. twice the size of 20.One day on the moon is ______. a. two
Earth week long b. two
Earth weeks long b. two
Earth weeks longer d. two Earth
weeks length 1.My hand was hurt. Could you do ______
typing for me? a. some b. many c. such d. any 2.There were ______ students in the
reading room. a. neither b. not c. no d. none 3.If it is of ______ use to you, please
take it. a. some b. many c. no d. any 4.I’ve invited five people to tea this
afternoon. Out of them, only John and Mary can come,______ can’t. a. other b. the other c. others d. the others 5.Most English people go to Spain for
the sea, the sun and all the ______ things associated with a relaxing holiday. a. any b. another c. some d. other 6.______ were ironed by my mother
yesterday. a. The
all sheets b. all of
sheets c. All the
sheets d. Sheets of
all 7.As usual,______ man was given his
individual assignment. a. every b. each c. all d. both 8.They saw ______ girls the day before
yesterday. a. both
the other two b. the two
other both c. the both other
two d. the both two other 9.One uses the freezer, the computer
and the business school to manufacture ______ dishes in never a tick longer
than 100 seconds. a. such
others b. other such c. such other d. other such a 10.______ boxer was strong, but ______
had a good build and was light on his feet. a.Either/every b. Neither/each c. Both/both d. All the/all 11.______ was astonished to find himself
rooting and shouting in a most undignified manner. a. Many
elderly man
b. A many elderly men c. Many an
elderly man d. Many
elderly men 12.I know now, of course, there is
______ as love. a. no
such a thing b. not such
thing c. not a thing d. no such thing 13.As there were ______ life-boats for
everybody,40 lives were lost. a. as
little b. so
little c. too few d. very few 14.He was brave;_____ soldiers fought so
bravely in that battle. a. no
others b. no another c. no other d. not other 15.I don’t think we have met before. I’m
afraid you’re confusing me with ______. a. some
other b. some other
person c. other
person d. one other 16.Weekends last from Friday evening to
Sunday night.______ days are week-days. a. The
other b. Another c. Other d. Every other 17.We had ______ good time that we hated
to leave the party. a. such
a b. such c. so d. pretty 18.Paris is ______ that we can hardly visit all the beautiful
parks in two or three days. a. such large a city b. so a large city c. such a large city d. a such large city 19.Deputies to the National People’s Congress are elected_______. a.
every four year
b. each four years
c. every of four years
d. every four years 20.There is hardly ______difference
between the two libraries. a. no b. any c. much d. some 21.For young people, Carpenter is ______
singer. a. most
their popular b. most
popular of theirs c.their most popular d. most popular of their 22.______ are about the American
Independent War. a. Both
book b. Both books c. All the two book d. all of two books 23.When I am in trouble, my friends will
give me their hands without ______ hesitation. a. some b. a c. any
d. the 24.You’re welcome to my house ______
time you’d like. a. the b. any c. no d. some 25.He was very much disappointed because
______ went to his wedding party. a. no
his friends b. all no his
friends c. none his
friends d. none of his
friends 26.You shouldn’t stop your car here
since there is a sign ‘______’. a. Not
Parking b. No Park c. No Parking d. Not a Park 27.I cannot invited ______ of you, since
I’ve got only one extra ticket. a. either b. both c. some
d. one 28.______ the idioms are not easy to
remember and use. a. Every b. Some c. All
d. Each 29.There is a line of trees in ______
side of the river. a. every b. each c. per
d. none 30.______ our countries are developing
countries. a. Each b. Either c. Every d. Both 31.The scientist wrote a number of
books, but ______ books were novels. a. last
two his b. his last two c. two his last d. last two of his 32.Have you got ______ copies to go
around? a. much c. a large amount of c. enough d. great 33.You can never use my car. ____ time
should you touch it. a. At
no b. At any c. any d. No 34.My brother is going on the picnic
with ______ friends. a. his
two little other b.
other his two little c. his other little two d. his two other little 35.Those examples are not enough, you
should give ______ examples to make your argument convincing. a. some b. any c. some more d. any more 36.______ feels entitled to more in life
than just housework. a. Many
women b. A lot of woman c. Many a woman d. A few woman 37.You will have to practice ______
times before you can do it. a.many more b. more many c. more often d. more several 38.It is ______ work of art that
everyone wants to have a look at it. a. a
so unusual b. such an
unusual c. so unusual d. such unusual 39.This cake is delicious, but I can’t
eat ______. a. some b. no c. any d. much 40.Here are some books by American
writers. You can read ______ you like. a. any b. which c. what one d. whichever one 3. 代词 代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：
例如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It's me. 是我。 二、 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人物和数的变化见下表。
例如： I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。 Our school is here，and theirs is
there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。例如： That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。 四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。例如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。 五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么大的区别。例如： They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。 六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，
something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。例如： --- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗？ --- Yes，I have one. --是的，我有一辆。 --- I don't know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。 七、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）例如： Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。 八、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（先行词）。例如： He is the man whom you have been looking
for. 他就是你要找的那个人。 1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。 说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中。例如：
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。例如：
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾
语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语） a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？
b. -- Me. --我。（me做主语补语= It's me.） 说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 1） 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。 ---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。 ---- Me too. --我也喜欢。 ---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am. 2） 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。 b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。 ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。 注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 （主格----主格） I thought it to be her. （宾格----宾格） I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 （主格----主格） They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 （宾格----宾格） 1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no
one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。例如： Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来，是吗? 2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。例如： Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。 3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。 1） 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称
－> 第三人称 －> 第一人称，即you－> he/she; it -> I。例如： You, he and I should return on time. 2） 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 －> 第二人称 －> 第三人称，即we －>you－>they。 注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。 a. 在承认错误，承担责任时， It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。 b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，
如： I and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。 c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。 d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。 1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。例如： John had cut
his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk. 约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。 物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine,
yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构。例如： Jack's cap 意为The cap is Jack's。 His cap 意为The cap is his。 2） 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语。例如： May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？
你的比我的好用。 b. 作宾语。例如： I love my motherland as much as you love
yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。 c. 作介词宾语。例如： Your should
interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours. 你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的去解释。 d. 作主语补语。例如： The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's
yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。 物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any,
several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式为：a,
an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。例如：a friend of mine, each brother of his. 1） 列表
另外：one的反身代词为oneself 2）做宾语 a. 有些动词需有反身代词，如absent, bathe, amuse, blame,
dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等。例如： We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。 b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词，如take pride in, be annoyed
with, help oneself to sth等。例如： I could not dress（myself）up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。 注：有些动词后不跟反身代词，如：get up, sit-down, stand
up, wake up等。例如：
Please sit down. 请坐。 3） 用作表语，如结构be oneself。例如： I am not
myself today. 我今天不舒服。 4） 用作同位语 The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。 5） 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：No
one but myself（me）is hurt. 注意：
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。 （错） Myself drove the car. （对） I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。例如： Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。 1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。例如： It is easy to see that the people of
different cultures have always copied each other. 显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。 2）相互代词的句法功能： a. 作动词宾语；
People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。 b. 可作介词宾语；
Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。 说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多。例如： He put all the books beside each other/one
another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。 Usually these small groups were independent
of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。 c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格。例如：
The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。 1） 指示代词分单数（this
/ that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词。例如：
2） 指示代词的句法功能； a. 作主语。例如： This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。 b. 作宾语。例如： I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。 c. 作主语补语。例如： My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。 d. 作介词宾语。例如： I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 说明1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。例如： （对）That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人）
（对）He is going to marry this
girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词） （错）He is going to marry this. （this作宾语时不能指人） （对）I bought this. 我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语） 说明2：That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较： （对） He admired that which
looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 （对） He admired those who looked
beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人） （错） He admired that who danced
well. （that作宾语时不能指人） （对） He admired those who
danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人） （对） He admired those which
looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物） 1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：
指人： who, whom, whose
指物： what
既可指人又可指物： which 2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what,
which, whose还可作限定词。试比较： 疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？ What was the directional flow of U. S.
territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？
限定词：Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？ What events
led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United
States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？ 说明1：无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内。例如：
Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？ What girls
do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？ 说明2：Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom,
例如： Who（m）did
you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语） Who（m） are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首） To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。） 说明3： 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句末。例如：
For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体） What are you
looking for? 你在找什么？（现代英语） 说明4： 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句。例如：
I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the
blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？ Much of what
you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you. 你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。 1） 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。例如： The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。 该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。 2） 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：
例如：This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那枝折了尖的铅笔。（whose
指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语） He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略） 说明：非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。 3） 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子。例如：
He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。 说明： 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。另外，关系代词that在从句中作表语时也可省略，
例如： I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。 He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
3.12 every , no, all, both,
neither, nor 1）不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more,
little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something,
anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no
one, none, everybody, everyone.等。 2）不定代词的功能与用法 a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。例如：
I have no idea about it. 我不知该咋办。 b. all 都，指三者以上。all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。例如： All goes well. 一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year；但习惯上不说 all hour，all
century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China，all the city，all my life，all the way 3）both 都，指两者。 a. both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。 b. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省
去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。例如： Who can speak Japanese? 谁能讲日本话？ We both（all）can. 我们都不会。 4）neither 两者都不 a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither…
nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。 c. 可用于下列句型，避免重复。例如： She can't sing，neither（can）he. 她不会唱歌，他也不会。 5）neither 与nor 的比较 a. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。例如： If you don't do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。 b. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。例如： He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate. 他不会唱歌，不会跳舞，也不会滑冰。
3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones 一、 none 无 1） none作主语，多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中，none可单独使用。例如：
Are there any pictures on the wall? 墙上有画吗？ None. 没。 2） none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。例如： It is none of your business. 闲事莫管。 二、few 一些，少数 few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。 三、some 一些 1） 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。 2） 当做"某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain） You will be sorry for this some day. 总有一天，你会为此后悔的。 A certain （some） person has seen you break
the rule. 有些人不同意你的看法。 注意： （1）在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。 （2）some用于其他句式中: a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。 Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议。例如： Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗？ b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时。例如： If you need some help，let me know. 需要帮助，跟我说。 c.some位于主语部分。例如： Some students haven't been there before. 有些学生没去过那儿。 d.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。例如： I haven't heard from some of my old
friends these years. 这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。 四、any 一些 1） any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。 Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。 五、one, 复数形式为ones ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不用ones。例如： Have you bought any rulers? 买尺了吗？ Yes, I 've bought some. 买了，买了几把。 one表示泛指，that和it
表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。例如：
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.（不定）我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。 The hat you bought is bigger than that I
bought.（同类但不同个）你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。 I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I
put it.（ 同一物）我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 one… the
other 只有两个 some… the others 有三个以上 one… another，another… some… others，others… others = other people/things the others = the rest 剩余的全部 1） 泛指另一个用another。 2） 一定范围内两人（物），一个用one，另一个用the other。 3） 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one （another），第三个可用the
other，a third。 4） 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。 5） 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。 He
is one of the students who help me. He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是帮我的学生之一。 第一句定语从句与the students 一致。 第二句定语从句与the one 一致。 3.17 anyone/any one；no one/none；every/each 1．anyone 和 any one anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。 2．no one 和none a） none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。 b） none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。例如：
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。 ---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗? ---- No one. --没有。 3．every 和each 1） every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。例如：
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。 2） every 指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物 （含两个）。 3） every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。例如：
Every boy has to take one. 每个男孩必须取一个。
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one. 4） every不可以作状语，each可作状语。 5） every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。 6） every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。例如： Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。 Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。 3.18 both, either, neither, all, any,
none 这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一个助动词之后。 1） both （两者都），either（两者中任何一个），neither （两者都不）。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。例如： Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。 2） both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。例如：
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.
There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路边长满了野花。
There are flowers on either side of the street. 3） all （所有的，全部的人或物），any （任何一个）， none （都不）。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。例如：
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。 注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。例如： All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。 All （of） the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。 Many，much都意为"许多"，
many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。例如： How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了会议。 How much time has we left? 还剩多少时间？ Many of the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在开会。 Much of the time was spent on learning.学习上化了许多时间。 3.20 few, little, a few, a little （a） few + 可数名词,
（a） little + 不可数名词 a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点 few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。例如： He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。 固定搭配：only a few （=few） not a few （=many）
quite a few （=many） many a （=many）。例如： Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。 典型例题: Although he 's wealthy，he spends___ on
clothes. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 答案： A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a
little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。 1.There are several pretty girls
standing under the tree, but ______ are known to me. a. neither b. none c. no one
d. all 2.In one year rats eat 40 to 50 times
______ weight. a. its b. and c. their
d. theirs 3.You’d better continue to use the same
spelling of your name as ______ you used in your application. a.
one
b. the one c.
any d. some one 4.The little baby was left alone, with
______ to look after it. a.
someone
b. anyone c. not
one d. no one 5.John can play chess better than
______ else. a.
the one
b. no one c. any
one d. another 6.The weight of something is another
way of describing the amount of force exerted on ______ by gravity. a.
it b.
them c. that d. one 7.It is one thing to enjoy listening to
good music, but it is quite ______ to perform skillfully yourself. a.
other
b. another c.
some d. any 8.Children should be taught how to get
along with ______. a.
another
b. other c.
others d. any other 9.The poor man lived on wild berries
and roots because they had ______ to eat. a.
nothing else
b. anything else c.
something other d. nothing
other 10.I go to the cinema ______ day,
Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. a.
each other
b. every other c.
this and the other d. all
other 11.One of the properties of light is
______ traveling in wave form as it goes from one place to another. a.
it b.
it’s c. its d. their 12.______ in the world has been asked to
do his duty for the human society. a.
Each of the tramps b. Every of the tramps c. The each tramp d. The every tramp 13.In some restaurants, food and service
are worse than ______ used to be. a.
they
b. it c. them d. that 14.Let the porter take all the baggage
out and put ______ in the lobby. a.
it b.
they c. them d. its 15.Everyone who comes to the party is
given a wooden apple with _____ own names cut in it as a souvenir. a.
his
b. her c. their d. our 16.Everybody
in the class must give in ______ exercise book within the given time. a.
their
b. our c. his d. her 17.During the journey, the boys and
girls entertained ______ with songs and games. a.
themselves
b. theirselves c.
himself d. itself 18.You’d
better buy ______ some fruits when you go on a trip. a.
youself
b. myself c.
yourself d. you 19.The boys in this town like to bully
______. a.
one another
b. one and other c.
each other d. one and
the other 20.One common family name is
Black,______ is Anderson. a.
another b. the other c. others d. none other 21.I have two novels: one of the two is “Gone
with the Wind’, and ______ is “the Tale of Two Cities’. a.
another b. other c. none other d. the other 22.All girls wear beautiful clothes.
Some are dressed in red;______ in green. a.
other b. another c. others d. none other 23.She can’t seem to help herself. And
______ can help her, either. a.
none else b. no one
else c. not any d. somebody else 24.Children can usually dress ______ by
the age of five. a.
him
b. them c.
hiself d. themselves 25.The gold watch had belonged to me for
years, but the police refused to believe it was ______. a.
me b. my c. mine d. I’s 26.Mother would not let Mary and ______
attend the hockey game. a.
I b. my c. me d. we 27.In a news conference this afternoon,
the university announced that ______ intends to make several important changes
in next year’s budget. a.
he b. it c. she d. they 28.______ but a fool can make such a
mistake. a.
Everyone b. No other c. Not all d. None 29.The poem by Browning is so observed
that I cannot grasp ______ meaning. a.
its b. it’s c. their d. that 30.The mayor felt that the police, in
spite of the reports, had done ______ best. a.
its b. their c. his d. our 31.I haven’t read ______ of the last
four chapters, so I know little about them. a.
anything b. any c. some d. something 32.A pretty face may win friends but it
takes character and personality to hold ______. a.
it b.
them c. that d. one 33.In the discussion, one speaker held
that, since we live in a money-oriented society, the average individual cares
little about solving ______. a.
anyone else’s problems b. anyone’s else problems b.
anyone else problems d. problems of anyone else 34.I don’t know whether small oranges
are sweeter than big ______. a.
those b. ones c. one d. that 35.‘How much water is left in the bottle?’
‘______’ a.
Nothing b. None c. Not some d. Not one 36.It took two of them to do the work
that ______ of us could do. a.
someone b. anyone c. any one d. everyone 37.He has five children, and ______ of
them is good at painting. a.
everyone b. everybody d. every one d. every 38.I have three brothers,______ are in
Beijing. a.
no one of them b. neither of
them c. some of them d. none of them 39.Some of my students study a
lot,______ just don’t care. a.
anothers b. the other c. some other d. others 40.As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabia’s
oil reserves are second only to ______. a.
Kuweit b. that of
Kuweit c. Kuweits’s d. those of Kuweit 41.This book of _______ used to be one
of the best sellers in the shop. a.
his b. him c. that man d. this 42.We should always keep ______
well-informed of the changing information. a.
us b. ours c. ourselves d. we 43.The climate here is often said to be
similar to ______. a.
Japan b. one of Japan c. that of Japan d. in Japan 44.Hunted by constant fear of arrest,
the thief ______ to the police at last. a.
gave it up
b. gave up himself c.
gave him up d. gave himself
up 45.______ of the boys in the class who
have passed the test is to receive certificates. a.
Every b. Every one c. Any d. Anyone 46.Do you believe that she has blamed us
for the accident, especially ______? a.
you and me b. you and I c. I and you d. me and you 47.Of those who graduated with ______,Ellen
is the only one who has found a good job. a.
Betty and he b. he and
Betty c. Betty and him d. Him and Betty 48.He is surprised by ______ having to
pay for the accident. a.
you b. yours c. your d. your’s 49.This is a left hand glove and that is
______. a.
other b. the other one c. other one d. another 50.Add those examples to ______ you have
already noted. a.
one b. the one c. one d. the ones 51.Have you got a ticket? Yes, I’ve got ______. a.
it b. the one c. one d. the ones 52.There’s the doorbell; I hope ______
Tom. a.
its b. it’s c. is d. he’s 53.It’s cheaper to buy old furniture
than to have new ______ made. a.
one b. ones c. furniture d. furnitures 54.Those of us who are over fifty years
old should get ______ blood pressure checked regularly. a.
their b. their’s c. our d. ours 55.Every man and woman eighteen years of
age or older is eligible to vote for the candidate of ______. a.
his choice b. their
choice c. the choice
of him d. the choice of
theirs 56.I bite my nails. I must break ______. a.
the habit of me b. the habit
with myself c. myself of the
habit d. of the habit myself 57.______ of them shared my opinions, so
we have ______ in common to discuss. a.
Nobody/a little b.
Few/little c. A
few/little d. None/many 58.When science, business and art learn
something of ______ methods and goals, the world will have come closer to
cultural harmony. a.
one and the other’s b. each
and the other’s c. one another’s d. the
one’s and the other’s 59.The boy is
______ of a musician. a.
anyone
b. anything c.
someone d. something 60.For ______ interested in nature, the
club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer. a.
them b. whom c. themselves d. those 61.The use of radar as well as the
two-way radio ______ for the police to intercept most speeders. a.
make it possible b. makes it
possible c. makes possible d. make it a possibility 62.The family never agree about ______
shares of the property. a.
her b. its c. their d. his 63.The flock of geese was flying through
the sky in perfect formation following ______ leader. a.
its b. their c. his d. her 64.When Jonathan went to Spain with his
sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for ______. a.
him b. himself c. he d. his 65.Those of us who wear glasses should
have ______ eyes examined at regular intervals. a.
their b. our c. his d. her 66.Frank admired his friends Tom and
David. He imitated ______. a. theirs every action b. every action of theirs c. every of their action d. every action of their one 67.My desk is ______. a.
between his
b. between his one c.
beside his one d. beside his 68.“May I speak to Iris?” “This is ______ speaking.” a. she b.
hers’s c. hers d. her 69.Mary is the landlady ______. a.
from who we rent the flat b. from whom we rent the flat b.
whom we rent the flat d. who we rent the flat 70.Give the message to ______ is at the
table. a.
whomever b. whosever c. whatever d. whoever 71.It was through experimentation ______
people found out he behavior of electricity. a.
that
b. which c. / d. the 72.______ Nat Turner who led a revolt
against slavery in Virginia in 1831. a.
Where was b. It was c. He was d. it was him 73.It wasn’t ______ telephoned me. a.
he whom b. him
whom c. he who d . his who 74.It was ______ he bought the magazine. a.
from a second-hand store where b. a second-hand store in which b.
in a second-hand store that d. in a
second-hand store where 75.It was ______ late in the evening
that the students returned to the dormitories. a.
till b. before c. when d. not until 76.It was ______ that he did not go to
Mount Lao with us. a.
because he was ill b. as he was ill b.
since he was ill d. though he was ill 77.It was ______ that he joined the
evening party. a.
finding Comrade Li b.
found Comrade Li c. to find
Comrade Li d. find Comrade Li 78.Was it ______ she agreed to help? a.
very reluctantly so that b. very reluctantly that b.
so reluctantly that d. very
reluctantly when 79.______ she gave the postcards to? a.
Whom it was that b. Who it
was that c. Who was it
that d. It was who that 80.______ the camel can go for three
days without food or drink? a. That it is why
b. That is it why c.
Why it is that d. Why
is it that 4. 形容词和副词 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。 2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid
害怕的。 （错） He is an ill man. （对） The man is ill. （错） She is an afraid girl. （对） The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake
等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如：something
nice. 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错： （错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very
friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very
friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如： The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the
dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：
The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。 2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the
British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如：
The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如： a small round table/ a tall gray building/
a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese
sports car 典型例题: 1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little
other C. two other little D. little other two 答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） --性质--名词"的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。 2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the
palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C.
old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。 3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao? ---- It was great. We visited some
friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last
sunny few D. few sunny last 答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those
+ three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 一、副词的位置 1） 在动词之前。 2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： We could see very clearly a strange light
ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如： He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。 二、副词的排列顺序： 1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如： Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些 3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：（错） I very like English. （对） I like English very much. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如： I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。 There is food enough for everyone to eat. 1） close与closely close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 Watch him closely. 盯着他。 2） late 与lately
late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"。例如： You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？ 3） deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。 4） high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如： The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。 5） wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如： He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。 6） free与freely
free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"。例如： You can eat free in my restaurant whenever
you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。 You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1） 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
2） 不规则变化
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如： He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much
+名词。例如： This is as good an example as the other is.
这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。 4）倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如： This bridge is three times as long as that
one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of
that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. You are taller than I. 你比我高。 They lights in your room are brighter than
those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。 注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother. （对） He is more clever than his brother. （对） He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 （错） China is larger than any country in
Asia. （对） China is larger than any other
countries in Asia. 3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than
that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry
it out. 4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。
比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a
lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 典型例题： 1）---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。 3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much
happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D。 1） 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。 2） old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest
只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。例如： My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是个工程师。 Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 玛丽是三姐妹中最大的。 3） far 有两种比较级，farther，further。一般father 表示距离，further表示进一步。例如： I have nothing further to say. 我没什么要说了。 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例如： The Sahara is
the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a
very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错） Tom is the tallest of his three
brothers. （对） Tom is the tallest of the three
brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如： This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意： a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。 3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 4） "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如：
Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing. 1） the more…the more… 越……就越……。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress you'll
make. 越努力，进步越大。 2） more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如： He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is
less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。 3） no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多。例如： The officials could see no more than the
Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
no less… than… 与……一样……。例如：
He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。 4） more than 不只是，非常。例如： She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。 典型例题 1）The weather in China is different from____. A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。 2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory
produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D.
twice many as 答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。
表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案为C。 1. The
modern machine proved ______ in heart surgery. a. high
valuable b. highly
valuable c. valuable
high d. valuable
highly 2. Mr.
Johnson and his ______ daughter do not always understand each other. a. older b. the oldest c. eldest d. the eldest 3. They
______ thought that the truth would be finally discovered. a. little b. not c. small d. bit 4. They
hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is ______. a. so
small b. such
little c. so
little d. such small 5. If
a claim is kept ______, it is more likely to be recognized. a. live b. lived c. alive d. living 6. On
his way to school he met ______, so he sent him to hospital. a. very ill
man b. much sick
man c. serious ill
man d. very sick man 7. She
was operated a month ago but now she was ______. a. very
good b. very well c. healthy d. good conditioned 8. What
I would do is to go ______. a. really
quietly somewhere b.
somewhere quietly really c. really
quiet somewhere
d. somewhere really quiet 9. The
chairman asked ______ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send
them to the front. a. the present
members b. the members
presently c. the members
present d. the
presently members 10. The
price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked. a. three times
much as b. three times as many as c. as three
times much as d. three times as
much as 11. The
trousers are ______, but Tom does not care a bit. a. too a
little small b. a
little too small c. a
too little small d. a
small too little 12. She
wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than ______. a. other
girls b. that of other
girls c. the other
girls d. those of
other girls 13. he
can play tennis better than ______ in the class. a. any
boys b. any other
boy c. any boy d. any other 14. Kasia
is taking her ______ tour of the shops in search of bargains. a. daily b. day c. day time d. night 15. ______
the child expresses his interest in an activity, the stronger it will become. a. The more
frequent b. The
frequenter c. The more
frequently d. the
frequentlier 16. We’d
better wait _______ , Peter and Tom will come very soon. a. a little
longer b. more
longer c. long d. as longer 17. although
the medicine tastes ______, it seems to help my condition. a. bad b. badly c. too much bad d. too badly 18. When
she got her first month salary, Diana bought herself ______ dress. a. a cotton ,
blue …expensive b. an
expensive … blue, cotton c. a blue,
expensive … cotton d.
a cotton, expensive… blue 19. The
doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier. a. everything
possible humanly b.
humanly everything possible c. everything
humanly possible d.
humanly possible everything 20. I
was worried very much because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______. a. lately b. late c. latter d. more later 21. The
noise outside was ______ his speech was hardly audible. a. too
irritating that b. so
irritating so c. so
irritating that d. so
irritating enough that 22. The
harder the shrub is to grow, ______. a. the more
higher price it b. the higher
price it is c. the higher
the price is d. the
higher is the price 23. The
photographs of Mars taken by satellite are ______ taken from the earth. a. clearest
than those
b. clearer than that
c. much clear
than those d. much
clearer than those 24. ______
anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it
yourself. a.
Three-minute call b. A
three-minutes call c. A
three-minute call d. A
three-minutes-call 25. We
arrived ______ Professor Baker had already called the roll. a. so lately
that b. as late
that c. so later
that d. so late
that 26. It
is ______ that I would like to go to the beach. a. so nice
weather b. such nice
weather c. so nice a
weather d. such a nice
weather 27. Her
little car isn’t ______ to seat more than two people comfortably. a. big
enough b. enough
big c. so big
enough d. big as
enough 28. His
score on the exam was ______ to qualify him for a graduate program. a. too
good b. well
enough c. as high
as d. good enough 29. The
plane is scheduled to arrive ______ because of bad weather. a. lately b. late c. later d. latest 30. There
are ______ that I can’t finish them. a. so long
assignments b. such
long assignments c. long
assignments d. so very long
assignments 31. Bats
find their way by squeaking ______ and guiding themselves by echoes. a. very
fast b. very
fastly c. much
faster d. most fastly 32. Your
application will be considered ______ your file is completed. a. as quickly
as b. as soon as c. as fast as d. as early as 33. This
dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one. a. twice more
than b. twice as much
as c. as much twice
as d. twice so much as 34. A
new shopping center on the north side will have ______. a. five
hundred more than shops
b. as more than five hundred shops c. five
hundred shops more than
d. more than five hundred shops 35. The
more you study during the semester, ______ you have to study the week before
exams. a. the
less b. the
lesser c. less d. the little 36. To
answer accurately is more important than ______. a. a quick
finish b. to finish
quickly c. finishing
quickly d. you finish
quickly 37. When
a body enters the earth’s atmosphere, it travels ______. a. in a rapid
manner b. fastly c. with great speed d. very rapidly 38. The
salary of a taxi driver is much higher _______. a. in
comparison with the salary of a teacher b. than a teacher c. than that
of a teacher
d. to compare as a teacher 39. Frost
occurs in valleys and on low grounds ______ on adjacent hills. a. more
frequently as b. as
frequently than c. more
frequently than d. frequently than 40. She
can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can’t eat ______ in his restaurant. a. free,
free b. free,
freely c. freely,
free d. freely, freely 41. You
will have to practice ______ times before you can do it. a. may
more b. more
several c. more
often d. more many 42. I
have been going to Shanghai ______ than I used to. a. lesser b. less c. fewer d. less often 43. Tuition
at American university runs ______ one thousand dollars a semester. a. so high
as b. as high to c. as high as d. as higher than 44. I
enjoy the concert last night; they played ______ beautiful music. a. such b. such a c. so d. so a 45. Several
day ______, I saw the man again on the street. a. late b. later c. latter d. last 46. When
electricity was first invented, people refused to believe such a thing ______. a.
impossible b.
possibly c.
possible d. impossibly 47. The
reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will
be a ______ show. a. living b. live c. alive d. lived 48. When
the three boys met one another, they found they looked very much ______. Then
they knew they were triplet. a. like b. alike c. likely d. liked 49. The
doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not
help worrying. a. seriously
wrong nothing b.
nothing serious wrong c. nothing
seriously wrong d.
serious nothing wrong 50. If
you live in Wuhan one day and in Shenyang the next, you ______ the change in
temperature. a. are
certainly to feel b.
certainly feel c. are
to feel certainly d.
are certain to feel 51. As
a safety precaution, all drivers carry only enough money to make change for
______. a. a bill of
ten-dollar b. a
ten-dollars bill c. a
ten-dollar bill
d. a tens-dollar bill 52. When
I spent holidays Europe, I bought _____ vases. a. two lovely
big old German
b. two lovely old big German c. two German
big old lovely
d. lovely big two old German 53. Everyone
will agree that food in the south is as good as ______ in the country. a. other
region b. any other
region c. that of any
region d. that of any
other region 54. Stars
are so far away that they are ______ spots of light when seen from the earth. a. nothing
more as b. anything
more than c. more
than d. nothing more
than 55. What
deeply impressed his was that magnificent ______. a.
eight-century-old b.
eight-centuries c. old-eight-centuries d. eight-century’s-old 56. _______
focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies. a. The below
text and dialogues b. Below the text and dialogues c. The text
and dialogues below d. Text and dialogues the below 57. People
will be able to fly from one planet to another in ______. a. little
nasty arrow-shaped tubes b. nasty little arrow-shaped tubes c.
arrow-shaped little nasty tubes d. arrow-shaped little nasty tubes 58. Beginning
in the late 19th century, the _______ rise in the productivity of
England was just ______ less than Germany and the U.S. a. year…slightly b. yearly…slight c. yearly…slightly d. year…slightly 59. In
Spain, officials estimate that ______ 75 percent of the current violent crime is
drug related. a. much
as b. as much as c. as many as d. as great 60. You
should spend ______ in the study of the various senses and uses of the common
words. a. much time
as you can b. as time
much as you can c. time as
many as you can d. as much time as
you can 61. Professor
Chen asked us to write ______ essay on individual differences in second
language learning. a. a no more
than two-thousand-word b. a less two-thousand-words c. a less than
two-thousands-words d. a no more two than thousand
word 62. Her
voice is ______. a. loud b. aloud c. loudly d. loudness 63. That
so many advances have been made in ______ is the most valid argument for
retaining the research unit. a. such short
time b. so a short
time c. such a short
time d. such short a time 64. ______
curriculum includes all experiences which the students may have within the
environment of the school. a. Broad
speaking b. Speaking
broadly c. Broadly
speaking d. Broadly 65. Since
taxi fare in the city may run ______ twenty dollars, I suggest that you take a
bus. a. as high
as b. as expensive
as c. so high
that d. so expensive
as 66. If
negotiations for the new trade agreements take ______, critical food shortages
will develop in several countries. a. too much
longer b. much too
long c. the
longest d. the longer 67. If
he had followed the directions carefully in taking the medicine, he would have
felt better ______. a. much
quicker b. more quick c. much quickly d. more quickly 68. Since
he spent his childhood in France, Jack is able to converse in French ______. a. rather
good b. quite
better c. fairly
more d. rather well 69. Of
the two cars that the Smiths have, the Plymouth is, without any question,
______. a. the
cheapest to run b. the
cheaper to run c.
cheaper d. more
cheaper 70. With
______ three inches of rain falling in a six-month period, the farmers found it
necessary to irrigate the land a. less
than b. little
than c. fewer
than d. less few than 71. On a small marble table in the center of her boudoir
stands ______ vase. a.
a little exquisite antique brown Chinese porcelain b.
an exquisite little antique brown Chinese porcelain c.
an antique little exquisite brown Chinese porcelain d.
a Chinese antique little expensive brown porcelain 72.
“When is Tom going to leave?” “He is going to leave ______ this week.” a.
sometimes b. some
time c. sometime d. somewhat 73.
The librarian insists that Dana take ______ books from
library before she returns the dictionary she borrowed last month. a. no b. many c. not many d. no more 74.
The facilities of the older hospital are ______ the new
hospital. a. as good
or better than
b. as good as or better as c. as good
as or better than d.
as good as or better than those of 75.
______ iron has relatively few economical uses. a. Chemical pure b. Chemically pure c. Pure chemical d. Purely chemical 76.
I walked 8 miles today. I never guessed that I could
walk ______ far. a. much b. that c. such d. as 77.
They _____ to our proposal. a. have
not still responded b.
have not responded still c. have
still not responded d.
still have not responded 78.
True hibernation takes place only among ______ animals. a. whose blood is warm b. blood worm c. warm-blooded d.
they have warm blood 79.
He works ______. a.
lone b. lonely c. alone d. lonesome 80.
A _____ road goes ______ from our college to the center. a.
straight…straight b.
straightly…straightly c.
straight…straightly d.
straightly…straight 5. 动词 1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词。例如：
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。（have是实义动词。）
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。（have是助动词。） 3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词、不及物动词，英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4） 动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词、非限定动词例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to
learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。） 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。 5） 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词、短语动词、动词短语例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs
and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in
dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take
care of是动词短语。） 6） 动词有五种形态，分别是：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。 系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest,
remain, stay, lie, stand。例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,
appear, look。例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems （to be） very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow,
turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意。例如：
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。 （doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义） 2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a. 表示时态。例如： He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态。例如： He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句。例如： Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？ Did you study English before you came here?
你来这儿之前学过英语吗？ d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。例如： I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气。例如： Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。 1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如： They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。 2） be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。 3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如：
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。
说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令。例如：
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。 c. 征求意见。例如：
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？ d. 表示相约、商定。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：
He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。 2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如： I have been studying English for ten
years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
3）have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如： English has been taught in China for many
years. 中国教英语已经多年。 1）构成一般疑问句。例如：
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？
Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？ 2）do + not 构成否定句。例如：
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。 3） 构成否定祈使句。例如：
Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。 说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：
Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you. 我确实想你。 5）用于倒装句。例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of
English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。 说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely,
little, only, so, well等。 6）用作代动词。例如：
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗？
---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何开车，对吧？
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如： I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。 He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。 说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will
只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:
He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。） 1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如：
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。
比较："What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么？"我问道。
可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。 2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如：
He said he would come. 他说他要来。 比较："I will
go," he said. 他说："我要去那儿。"变成间接引语，就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。
动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如： Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词） 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种： 1）动词+副词，如：black out； 2）动词+介词，如：look into； 3）动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词。 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。 1）不定式
2）动名词
3）分词
否定形式： not +不定式， not
+ 动名词， not + 现在分词 1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a
football match. a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has 2.When he was at school, he ______
early and take a walk before breakfast. a. will
rise b. shall rise b. should rise would rise 3.In the past 30 years China ______
great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. has
made b. have made c. had made d. having made 4.I ______ go to bed until I ______
finished my work. a. don’t/had b. didn’t/have c. didn’t/had d. don’t/have 5.______ you think he ______ back by
dinner time? a. Do/have
come b. Did/will have
come c. Does/will
come d. Do/will have
come 6.He said that he dropped his bag when
he ______ for the bus. a. was
runing b. was running c. were running d. is running 7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than
he ______ to start on another journey. a. has/was
asked b. have/were
asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked 8.“______ you give me a room for the
night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. a. Should b. Can c. Might
d. May 9.There are nine of them, so ______ get
into the car at the same time. a. they may
not at all b. all they may
not c. they can’t all d. all they can’t 10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture
yesterday.” “He ______ it.” a. mustn’t
attend
b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. needn’t have attended 11.“You realize that you were driving at
100 mph, don’t you?” “No, officer. I
______. This car can’t do more than 80.” a. didn’t need
to be b. may not have
been c. couldn’t have
been d. needn’t have been 12.he was a good runner so he ______
escape from the police. a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to 13.If they ______, our plan will fall
flat. a. are
co-operating b. had not
co-operated c. won’t
co-operate d. didn’t co-operate 14.I hoped ______ my letter. a. her to
answer b. that she would
answer c. that she answers d. her answering 15.He ______ live in the country than in
the city. a.
prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather 16.______ to see a film with us today? a. Did you
like b. Would you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked 17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative.
I simply ______ what I did. a. must
do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do 18.“Time is running out,______?” a. hadn’t
we better got start b.
hadn’t we better get start b. hadn’t
we better get started d. hadn’t we
better not started 19.No one ______ that to his face. a. dares
say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say 20.The students in the classroom ______
not to make so much noise. a. need b. ought c. must d. dare 21.You ______ last week if you were
really serious about your work. a. ought to
come b. ought to be
coming c. ought have
come d. ought to have
come 22.The elephants ought ______ hours ago
by the keepers. a. to be
fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed 23.“I wonder why they’re late.” “They
______ the train.” a. can have
missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss 24.“Tom graduated from college at a very
young age.” “He ______ have been
an outstanding student.” a. must b. could c. should d. might 25.You ______ the examination again
since you had already passed it. a. needn’t
have taken b. didn’t need to
take c. needn’t take d. mustn’t take 26.He is really incompetent! The letter
______ yesterday. a. should
be finished typing b.
must be finished typing b. must
have finished typing
c. should have been finished typing 27.The boy told his father that he would
rather ______ an astronaut. a. become b. to become c. becoming d. became 28.When we reached the station, the
train had still not arrived; so we ______. a. needed
not to hurry b. needn’t have
hurried b. need
not to have hurried
d. didn’t need to hurry 29.Since your roommate is visiting her
family this weekend,_____ you like to have dinner with us tonight? a. will b. won’t c. wouldn’t d. do 30.He was afraid what he had done ______
a disastrous effect on his career. a. might
have b. could be c. have been d. shall be 31.He ______ hardly say anything more,
since you know about it. a. don’t need
to b. needn’t c. needs d. need 32.You ______ the look on his face when
he won the prize. a. would have
seen b. should have
seen c. must see d. can be seeing 33.Some people think the stock market
will crash, but ______. a. I
wonder if it happens b. I doubt
if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldn’t
happen d. I doubt if it does
happen 34.“Whatever has happened to George?” “I don’t know. He ______ lost.” a. can have
got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 35.He has no idea what the book is
about. He ______read the book. a. couldn’t b. couldn’t have c. mightn’t have d. shouldn’t have 36.New studies show that two of Saturn’s
rings ______ longer than the 4.5 billion years since the birth of the Solar
System. a. could have
lasted b. should have lasted c. would have lasted d. must be lasting 37.Take the telescope with you in case
you ______ it in your expedition. a. will
need b. would need c. should need d. could need 38.Need he come at once? Yes, he ______. a. must b. must not c. need d. may 39.Please answer the phone. It ______ be
by your father. If it is, would you tell that I want to see him? a. will b. should c. would d. could 40.We’ll never give in whatever they
______ say or do. a. may b. will c. shall d. should 41.With all this work on hand, he ______
to the cinema last night. a. mustn’t
go b. wouldn’t go c. oughtn’t go d. shouldn’t have gone 42.Everyone ______ the cake because
there wasn’t even a small piece left. a. must
like b. must have liked c. must have been
liking d. had liked 43.I wish to recollect where I met her,
______? a. would
I b. may I c. may not I d. can I 44.I ______ think he will ______ dare
the risk. a. not/
.. b. do/not c. ../not d. don’t/.. 45.If reading is to accomplish anything
more than passing time, it ______ be active. a. may
not b. must c. might d. is not 46.You ______ your seats today if you
want to go to the game. a. had
better to reserve b. had
better reserve
c. had to better
reserve d. had to reserve
better 47.I ______ the operation unless it is
absolutely necessary. a. would
rather not have b. would not
rather had b. rather
would not have d. rather not would
have 48.Many scientists ______ their own eyes
and ears than the theories of the ancients. a. would
rather to believe b.
would rather believe c. rather would believe d. will rather
believe 49.To travel from England to Scotland
you ______ a passport. a. haven’t
got b. mustn’t have c. needn’t d. don’t need 50.One of the statements ______ to be
untrue. a. is turned
out b. has turned
out c. have been
turned out d. have turned out 51.I don’t know whether it will rain or
not, but if it ______ rain, I shall stay at home. a. will b. did c. does d. shall 52.“You’d like some tea,______?” a. wouldn’t
you b. shouldn’t you c. hadn’t you d. didn’t you 53.“May we take the books out?” a. No, you may
not b. No, you can not c. No, you can’t d. Please don’t 54.“I would have come sooner, but I ______
that you were waiting.” a. didn’t
know b. hasn’t known c. hadn’t know d. haven’t known 55.If you don’t want to, you ______ to
get there with us. a. mustn’t b. can’t c. don’t have d. have not 56.I would go to visit them but I ______
think they are anxious to see me. a. haven’t b. don’t c. doesn’t d. didn’t 57.Whatever you can do,______. a. I
can do so as well b. I can
do this as well b. I
can do it as well d. I
can do as well 58._____- I realized the consequences I
would never have contemplated getting involved. a. Had b. Have c. Having d. Has 59.“Perhaps she is working for John.” “Yes, she ______ for him.” a. need
have been working b.
may be working b. ought
have been working d. ought
be working 60.“I know she was in because I heard her
radio, but she didn’t open the door.” “She ______ the bell.” a. may
not be hearing b. may not
have heard b. must
not have heard d. must not be
hearing 61. “He was smoking.” “Then he ______ .” a. ought
to have been not smoking
b. ought to have not been smoking b. ought
not to have been smoking
d. ought to not have been smoking 62.You ______ out yesterday without a
coat. No wonder you caught cold. a. oughtn’t
have gone b. shouldn’t have
gone c. mustn’t have gone d. can’t have gone 63.“Paul was riding a bicycle along the
motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry.” “He _____ a bicycle
along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.” a. shouldn’t
have been riding b.
couldn’t have been riding c. oughtn’t have been riding d. can’t have been riding 64.I am listening. But you ______. a. need be
listening b. should be
listening c. need have been
listening d. ought be listening 65.He ______ with us last night. a. would
have liked to go b. should
like to be going b. should
be liked to go d.
would like to go 66.I ______ his face when he opened the
letter. a. should
like you to see b. would have liked you
to be seen b. should
like you to have seen d.
would like you to see 67.You say you ______ do it, but I say
you ______ do it. a. ought
not/could b. will not/shall c. could not/need d. shall not/ought 68.We ______ put the meeting off for a
week. a. can as
well b. will as well c. shall as well d. may as well 69.______ wind your watch every day? a. Do you
need b. Must you have
to c. Have you to d. Do you have to 70.______ give him a chance to try? a. Oughtn’t to
we b. Oughtn’t we to c. Ought to we not d. Oughtn’t we 71.“Did you blame him for his mistakes?” “______” a. I’d rather
not do b. I’d not rather do c. I’d better not do d. I’d rather not doing 72.You had better ______ your hair cut. a. had b. have c. to get d. to have 73.My sister didn’t go to the party last
night because she ______ the baby for her friend until 9:30. a. must
have looked after b. would
have to look after b. had
to look after d. should have looked
after 74.Mary is very late, she ______. a. may
miss her train b. may have missed
her train c. must miss her train d. could miss her train 75.No matter what you may say, he ______
to his own views. a. would
always stick b. will always
stick c. should always
stick d. must always stick to 76.It’s wonderful that you ______ have
achieved so much in these years. a. may b. can c. should
d. would 77.The students asked whether he ______
take the books out of the reading-room. a. could b. might c. should d. would 78.He ______ still be thinking about the
question you raised. a. may b. might c. must
d. should 79.I’d be glad if you______ give me an
account of the fact. a. shall b. should c. would d. may 80.He ______ accomplish the task in
time. a. did b. has c. is
d. do
动名词 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and
the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：
例如：Would you mind turning down your
radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being
caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the
children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking
care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing
desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming
pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boiling
point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking
tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind
it 手扶拖拉机 worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为"值得"。 1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……" 常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s
worth（someone’s）while doing be worth
doing sth. "……某事值得被做" The question is not worth discussing again
and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。 2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……" be worthy to
be done "某事值得被做" The question is not worthy to be discussed
again and again. 3. worthwhile： be worthwhile to do sth "值得做某事" It is worthwhile to ask him to join the
club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。 典型例题 It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while 答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile
to do sth.。选C。 1. I
was ______ work last week, but I changed my mind.
a. to start b. to
have started c. to be
starting d. to have
been starting 2. I
intended ______ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen. a.
discuss b. discussing c. having discussed d. to have discussed 3. Don’t
let me catch you ______. a. do that
again b. to do that
again c. doing that
again d. done that again 4. There
are many kinds of metals ______. a. each
has its special properties b. one has its special properties b. each
having its special properties d.
having its special properties 5. It’s
pay-day, and they’re waiting ______. a. for
paying b. to be
paid c. to be
paying d. to
have paid 6. _______
trouble, I’m going to forget the whole affair. a. Then rather
cause b. Rather
causing c. Rather than
cause d. Rather than
caused 7. The
brilliance of his satires was ______ make even his victims laugh. a. so as
to b. such as
to c. so that d. such that 8. Children
with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined
______ high levels of self-confidence. a.
possess b. have
possessed c. to
possess d. possessing 9. The
worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming. a. too
busy b. enough
busy c. busy too d. busy enough 10. “What did you do in the garden?” “I watched my father
______ his motorbike.” a. to
repair b.
repaired c.
repairing d. repairs 11. We
must have an engineer ______ the workers build the house. a. to see b. see c. seeing d. seen 12. Induction
means ______ a general conclusion from special facts. a. to come
to b. to
coming c. coming
to d. came 13. I’m
not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _______. a. to let rest
the matter
b. the matter to be let resting c. letting the
matter to rest d. to
let the matter rest 14. I
have tried _______ worrying about it. a. to stop
consciously b. to consciously stop c. to
conscious stopping d. to stopping consciously 15. “Do you want to give a talk on that subject?” “I prefer ______ .” a. not
want b.
not wanting
c. to not giving d. not to 16. I
_______ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests. a. cannot but
admit
b. cannot help but to admit c. cannot but
admitting d. cannot
help but admitting 17. Since
she is angry, we ______. a. had better
leaving her alone
b. should leave her alone c. might as
well leave her alone
d. had rather leave her alone 18. I
don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all. a. to smoke…smoking b. smoking…to smoke c. to smoke…to
smoke d. smoking…smoking 19. You
should remember ______ from the point when you are writing a composition. a. don’t
wander b.
not to wander c. no
wandering
d. not wander 20. Grace
advised us to withdraw ______. a. so as to
get not involved
b. so as not to get involved c. so that to
get not involved
d. as not to get involved 21. He
ran all the way up to the station ______ that the train had left fifteen
minutes before. a. in order to
find b. so as to
find c. only to
find d. such as
to find 22. George
went hunting for a week but still he didn’t find a room ______. a. to
live b. to live
in c. for
living d. to be living
in 23. You
should really avoid ______ at home alone as he is old and ill. a. your father
stay b. your
father to stay c. your father’s
staying d.
your father who stays 24. John
didn’t want to risk ______ wet as he had only one suit. a.
getting b. to get c. being got d. to be gotten 25. I’m
disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but there is no point
_______ about it. a. to
worry b. in
worrying c. with us
worrying d. if we
worry 26. It
won’t be any use ______ to borrow any more money. a. you to
try b. of your
trying c. trying
you d. your trying 27. The
law requires all cars _______ for safety and efficiency. a. being
tested regularly
b. to be regularly tested c. be
regularly tested d. regularly
tested 28. I
remember ______ to the zoo by my father when I was little. a. being
taken b. taking c. have been taken d. to have taken 29. I
completely forgot ______ the front door last night and feel fortunate that
nothing is stolen. a.
locking b. being
locked c. to lock d. to have locked 30. I
regret ______ you that your application has been refused. a.
informing b.
being informed c. to
be informed d. to
inform 31. I
didn’t mean ______ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldn’t resist
______ one. a. to eat…trying b. to eat…o trying c. eating…to try d. eating…to trying 32. I
know it isn’t important but I can’t help ______ about it. a. but to
think b. thinking c. think d. to think 33. The
ship, ______ to a shapeless wreck, was hardly recognizable. a. being
reduced b.
reducing c.
reduced d. having been
reducing 34. The
young doctor could not sleep at night, his thoughts ______ him no peace. a. gave b. giving c. being given d. to give 35. After
a long walk on a hot day, one feels ______. a.
exhaustive b.
exhausting c.
exhaust d. exhausted 36. Those
relatives of his are ______ . I don’t want to have any dealings with them. a. boring
people
b. bored people
c. people
having bored
d. people having boring 37. You
must follow the directions exactly and if you become ______, you must take the
time to go back again and reread them. a. to
confuse b.
confusing c.
confuse d. confused 38. There
is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______. a.
checking b. check c. to check d. checked 39. He
was just about to jump up when he felt something ______ near his feet. a. to
move b.
move c.
moving d. moved 40. ______
with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in
the first quarter rose by 15%. a.
Comparing b. To
compare c.
Compared d. Compare 41. “Was the rally successful?’ “No, because the
number of ______ was smaller than we had expected.” a. people who
attend b. attended
people c. people
attending d.
attendance of people 42. Uncle
Dick has already arrive. Do you expect ______ to see him? a. Going b. go c. to go d. that you go 43. From
the electric refrigerator Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk
and a can of ______ orange juice. a. frozen b. froze c. freezing d. freezed 44. He
felt bad for ______ a chance to study abroad. a. having not
given
b. not having given c. having not
been given d. not having
been given 45. In
some countries there are already a number of firms ______ computer programming. a. specialize
in b. specialized
in c.
specializing in d. specializes in 46. The
young man who saw the car ______ into the river telephoned the police station. a. plunge b. plunged c. was plunging d. to plunge 47. While
she was shopping, she kept ______ the list to make sure she hadn’t forgotten
anything. a.
checked b.
checking c. to
check d. check 48. You’d
better ______. a. to have
your shoes mended b.
to have mended your shoes c. have your
shoes mended
d. having your shoes mended 49. The
machines are made ______ at full speed. a. work b. working c. to work d. to be worked 50. It
is certain that men will never stop ______ new energy sources to power their
growing industry. a.
finding b. to
find c. having
found d. found 51. It
is really quite extraordinary that we should have been at the same college
without ______ before. a. met b. being met c. having met d. having been met 52. Professor
Smith is said ______ another important discovery in chemistry. a. having
made b. having been
made c. to have
made d. to make 53. Without
the sun’s light ______ the earth’s surface, it would be so cold that life could
not exist on the earth. a. warms b. warmed c. warming d. to warm 54. The
rocket will weigh about 200 tons when ______. a. being
completed b.
completed
completing d. have been completed 55. There
are plans ______ a number of atomic power station in this regions. a. to
build b. to be
built c. building d. being built 56. All
of us are looking forward to ______ a trip to the Ming Tombs. a. make b. making c. to making d. have made 57. I
can’t understand ______ a decision until it is too late. a. him to
postpone to make b. his postponing to make c. him to
postponing making
d. his postponing making 58. I
would like ______ that I don’t have a very high opinion of you. a. to have you
know
b. have you know c. to have
your known d.
having you know 59. I
had intended ______ him while he was living at Aberdeen. a.
visiting b. visit c. to have visited d. having visited 60. Do
you consider better _______ ? a. not doing
it again b. not do it again
c. not having
done it again d. not
to do it again 61. The
famous scientist was easy _______
along with. a. to get b. for getting c. getting d. got 62. The
students will have more discussions like this in the weeks ______. a. coming b. to come c. come d. to be coming 63. He
felt lonely at first, but after a time he got ______ alone and even got ______
it. a. used to
living…to like
b. used to live… to like c. using to
live…liking
d. to be used to living…liking 64. Our
master raised his voice so that the could make himself ______ by the pupils in
the back of the hall. a. hear b. heard c. hearing d. to be heard 65. When
he awoke, he found himself ______ in the hospital and ______ by an old woman. a. lying…being
looked after
b. lying…be looking after c. lie…be
looked after d. lie…being
looked after 66. ______
from the hill-top the lake scenery is beyond description. a. To see b. Seeing c. Seen d. Having seen 67. ______
in the strange forest, the poor girls fell to ______. a. Lost…crying b. Lost…cry c. To lost…cry d. Having been lost…crying 68. They’ll
have you ______ if you don’t pay your taxes. a. to be
arrested b.
arrest c.
arrested d. being
arrested 69. All
flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train. a. having
cancelled b. were
cancelled c. have been
cancelled
d. having been cancelled 70. Although
it was very late when John began doing the job, he managed with his friend’s assistance,
______ before the building was locked. a. to be
finished b. being
finished c.
finishing d. to finish 71. Despite
the earnest efforts of various private groups as well as government agencies,
many of the problems have not yet been solved, and much remains to ______. a. have been
done b. be done c. have done d. do 72. ______
that bad weather was on the way, the climbers decided to put off their attempt
on Eiger until the following week. a. Having
told b. Being
told c. Telling d. Having been told 73. Members
of the Government itself acknowledge many of their predictions _______ wildly
over-optimistic. a. to be b. being c. to have been d. having been 74. The
match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard
court. a. objected to
having b.
objected to have c. were
objected to have d. were
objected to having 75. The
teacher doesn’t permit ______ in class. a. smoke b. smoking c. to smoke d. to have smoke 76. I
like watching TV ______ to the cinema. a. more than
to go b. more than
going c. than
going
d. rather than to go 77. The
manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on. a. to be
informed b.
informed c. on
informing d.
informing 78. Mrs.
Brown is supposed ______ for Italy last week. a. to have
left b. to leave c. to be leaving d. to have been left 79. Dorothy
went to work quietly, ______ to work as hard as she could. a. her mind
being made up b. with
her mind made up c. with her
mind making up d. he mind
making up 80. Husband
and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves ______ closer
together. a. been
drawn b. drawn c. to draw d. drawing 81. Here
we found little snow, as most of it seemed ______ blown off the mountain. a. to have
been b. that it
was c. to be d. that it had been 82. ______
halfway through the exercise, the teacher changed his mind and collected all
our papers. a. When only
being b. When we were
only c. Being
only d. Having been 83. Some
passengers are reading the morning paper, others are talking with one another,
______ nervously for the train. a. to
wait b. are
waiting c.
waiting d. being
waited 84. There’s
one thing I dislike about him: he will never admit ______ a mistake. a. having
made b. making c. being made d. have been made 85. Stan
spent half a year ______ material for his new book. a. to
collect b.
collect c.
collecting d.
collected 86. It’s
no use ______ me not to worry. a. you
tell b. your
telling c. for you to have
told d. having told 87. The
chairman insists that there be a meeting _______ within the shortest possible
time. a. to
hold b. to be
held c. to have been
held d. to be holding 88. When
the famous pianist was a child, he was accustomed ______ for several hours a
day. a. to
practicing b. to
practice c. to be
practicing d. to have
practiced. 89. In
China hundreds of different dialects are spoken; people of some villages ______
themselves understood by the inhabitants of the next town. a. making trouble
have b. have making
trouble c. have
trouble making d.
trouble making have 90. It’s
a wonderful place for anyone ______ in architecture, as you are. a.
interesting b. to be
interested c. being
interested d.
interested 91. Another
feature worth ______ is the role of information throughout a feedback control
system.. a.
noticed b.
noticing c. being
noticed d. notice 92. I
believe ______ very largely due to mistaken views of the world. a. this
unhappiness are
b. to be this unhappiness c. this be
unhappiness
d. this unhappiness to be 93. When
they met, Leonards and his enemy were fighting ______. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||